A seasonal shift in δD observed over North West Africa by the TROPOMI instrument reveals distinct evaporation and mixing regimes.  

• Isotopologues serve as natural fingerprints that record the history of water evaporation, condensation, and transport.

• They reveal exactly where a body of moisture originated and the conditions of that source region.

• The ratio of heavy-to-light isotopes changes during phase transitions, exposing hidden thermodynamic processes.

• We develop Level 2 satellite products from sensors operating in the Shortwave Infrared (SWIR), such as GOSAT and TROPOMI.

• These products can provide a global benchmark to test General Circulation Models, aid in our understand tropical convection and cloud formation, and provde a constraint for models simulating precipitation to reduce climate prediction uncertainty

• Aerosols and clouds are major influences on the health of humans, crops, and ecosystems. Their interactions are a major uncertainty in climate modelling.

• Optimal estimation provides climate-quality datasets of particle/droplet loading and size from almost every US or EU visible/infrared imager launched since the 1970s.

• Supporting Copernicus, the Climate Change Initiative, EOCIS, and more.

(a) Satellite image of Hawaii, in false-colour from AATSR. (b) Quantity of aerosol (orange) and cloud (blue) retrieved from that scene, revealing the plume of sulphur, and changes in the clouds within, downwind of the volcano Mt. Kilauea

• These are simplified, low-tier complexity diagnostic-prognostic climate models suitable for rapid climate process calculations and climate simulations on a personal computer or laptop

• Reduction and linearization of sets of partial differential equations into a set of physical parametrisations defined by an array of variables

• This group of models suitable for understanding the impacts of instantaneous radiative forcing and the energy distribution across various model interfaces, climate sensitivity experiments, understanding the energy budget of the system and drivers leading to the imbalance and hydrological cycle intensification

• We are developing models that leverage the vast quantity of environmental intelligence from satellites, ground-based measurements, and modern reanalysis for a better understanding of how the hydrological cycle will respond to climate change.

nEBM temperature anomaly of the sea surface layer against the selected CMIP6 ocean surface temperature output and their differences relative to 1961-1990 reference period. 

Mean evaporative source of precipitation over Indonesia (hatched region) for December to February and June to August 1986-2014 using the scaled-flux tracers in the Met Office Unified Model.

• The transport of water vapour through the atmosphere is a key component of the hydrological cycle. It provides information about the dynamics within the atmosphere. 

• We are using non-isotopic water tracers in the Met Office Unified Model to identify changes in the atmospheric moisture transport.

• This information can be used to understand changes in precipitation and evaporation patterns, helping to identify areas potentially affected by future climate hazards such as droughts and flooding.

• Careful management of uncertainty enables maximum exploitation of datasets new and old, leveraging synergies to extract all the useful information available.

• The EarthCARE satellite provides an ideal platform to answer longstanding questions about the Earth’s radiation budget.

Rayleigh signal intensity from the Aeolus lidar on 3 July 2020 over Siberia; produced on https://aeolus.services/.